Appendix of Useful Tables

Table 1. Annual average water use and critical growth stage of vegetable crops in Texas.

Crop Inches/A Critical Need Stage
Asparagus 10-18 establishment and fern development
Bean, green 10-15 bloom and pod set
Bean, pinto 15-20 bloom and pod set
Beet, table 10-15 establishment and early growth
Broccoli 20-25 establishment and heading
Cabbage 20-30 uniform throughout growth
Cantaloupe 13-20 establishment vining to first net
Carrot 10-15 emergence through establishment
Cauliflower 20-30 establishment and 6-7 leaf stage
Celery 30-35 uniform, last month of growth
Collards/Kale 12-14 uniform throughout growth
Corn, sweet 20-35 establishment, tassel elongation, ear development
Cowpea 10-15 bloom, fruit set, pod development
Cucumber, pickle 15-20 establishment, vining, fruit set
Cucumber, slicer 20-25 establishment, vining, fruit set
Eggplant 20-35 bloom through fruit set
Garlic 15-20 rapid growth to maturity
Lettuce 8-12 establishment
Mustard green 10-15 uniform throughout growth
Okra 15-20 uniform throughout growth
Onion 25-30 establishment, bulbing to maturity
Pepper, bell 25-35 establishment, bloom set
Pepper, jalapeno 25-30 uniform throughout growth
Potato 20-40 vining, bloom, tuber initiation
Pumpkin 25-30 2-4 wk. after emergence, bloom, fruit set and development
Radish, red globe 5-10 rapid growth and development
Spinach 10-15 uniform throughout growth, after each cut if needed
Squash 7-10 uniform throughout growth
Sweetpotato 10-20 uniform until 2-3 wk. prior to anticipated harvest
Tomato 20-25 bloom through harvest
Turnip 10-15 uniform throughout growth
Watermelon 10-15 uniform until 10-14 days prior to anticipated harvest


Table 2. Suggested varieties for Texas.

Crop Suggestions
Asparagus UC 157, UC 72, UC 500W, UC 72, Jersey Gem, Jersey Giant, Jersey Centennial
Bean Green: Benchmark, Blue Lake 274, Derby, Jade, Landmark, Opus, Strike,
Flat pod: Calgreen, Magnum, Roma II
Pinto: Cinnabar, Bill Z., Fiesta, Othello, Pinata III, Pinray, U.I. 126
Beet, table Detroit Dark Red S.T., Red Ace, Red Cloud, Warrior
Broccoli Everst, Heritage, Liberty, Sultan, Marathon, Patriot, Signal, Triathlon
Cabbage Blue Vantage, Bravo, Cheers, Emblem, Fortress, Pennant, Solid Blue 790, Solid Blue 760, Vantage Point, Blue Thunder
Red Type: Cardinal, Red Jewel, Red Rock, Red Rookie, Rio Grande Red
Cantaloupe Caravelle, Chaparral, Cimaron, Copo deOrio, Cruiser, Early Delight, Gold Rush, Impak, Hy-Mark, Mission, Primo, Ovation, Progresso, Super 45
Open Pollinated: TAMUvalde, Perlita, Mainstream
Carrot Big Shot,,Candy Stix, Caropak, Cheyenne, Choctaw, Navajo, Sugar Snax, Vita-Sweet, CR 7180, SCR 7248
Cauliflower Candid Charm Gaudian, Imperial 10-6, Incline, Minuteman, Snowball Y Imp., Snow Crown, White magic, Snowman
Green type: Alverde, Macerata, Green Harmony, Spiral Point
Celery Florida 683, Rocket, Starlet, Summer or Giant Pascal, Utah 52-70
Collard Champion, Flash, Top Bunch, Vates
Cowpea (Southern Pea) Pinkeye: Texas Pinkeye, Purple Hull, Pinkeye Purple Hull BVR, Pinkeye Purple Hull, Coronett
Blackeye: Blackeye #5, Arkansas #1, Blackeye #46
Cream: Cream 40
Crowder: Brown Sugar, Mississippi Silver, Zipper
Greenhouse: Bruneva, Brunex, Vitomil
Cucumber Slicer: Conquistador, Dasher II, Daytona, General Lee, Indy, Panther, Pointsett 76, Raider, Slice Master, Slice Nice, Supersett, Sprint 440 II, Tunderbird, Turbo
Pickling: Calypso, Carolina, Fancypak M, Flurry, Jackson, Royal
Eggplant Black Bell, Black Magic, Epic, Classic, Florida High Bush, Florida Market, Night Shadow
Oriental type: Ichibon, Tycoon
Garlic Soft neck type: California Early, California Late, Mexican Pink, Creole, Texas White
Eggplant type: (not true garlics): Oriental garlic
Hardneck type: Roja, German Red, Valencia
Lettuce Crisp Head: Great Lakes 659 MT, Mission
Loose leaf: Flame, Grand Rapids, Prizehead, Red Sails, Salad Bowl, Two Star, Waldeman’s Green
Butter head: Buttercrunch
Romaine: Valmine, Paris Island
Honeydew Melon Honeybrew, Megabrew, Morning Ice
Kale Blue Armor, Blue Arrow, Blue Knight, Dwarf Scotch, Vates, Imp. Dwarf Siverian
Mustard Green Green Wave, Tendergreen, Southern Giant Curl, Florida Broadleaf
Okra Clemson Spineless, Lee, Emerald, Clemson 80, Green Best, Cajun Delight, Lee
Compact Type: Annie Oakley, Prelude, Blondy
Onion Short Day: Yellow– Chula Vista, Cougar, Diamante, Encino, Jaguar, Linda Vista, Marquesa, Mercedes, Riojas, Sweet Sunrise, TX 1015, 6996
Red– Rio, Rio Santiago
White– Diamante, Krystal, Texas Early White
Intermediate Day: Yellow- Caballero, Cimarron , Riviera , Sierra Blanca, Utopia, Yula
Red– Fuego
White– Alabaster , Duro, Spano
Long Day: Yellow– Armada, Blanco Duro, Capri, Durango, El Charo, Ole’, Seville, Sweet Perfection, Valdez:, Vega, Vaquero
Red– Tango
White– Sterling
Pepper Bell: Aladdin, Capistrano, Camelot X3R, Early Sunsation, Jupiter, Pip, Red Knight, Summersweet 840, Taurus, Valiant, X3R Wizard
Jalapeno: Coyama, Grande, Mitla, Ole~, Perfecto, TAM Mild-1, TAM Veracruz, Tula, Tulleon
Summer Heat 5000, Summer Heat 6000, X3R-Ixtapa, Spp 7603
Serrano: Fiesta, Tampico, Tuxtlas
Potato Russet: Russet Norkatah, Norgold M, Century Russet
White: Alantic, Gemchip, Chipeta, Kennebec
Red: Red LaSoda, Viking, Pontiac
Yellow Flesh: Yukon Gold
Pumpkin Mini: Jack-Be-Little, Muchkin, Pro Gold 100
Small: Small Sugar, Triple Treat, Streaker, Pro Gold 300, Oz, Spookie
Large: Appalachin, Connecticut Field, Ghost Rider, Howden, Happy Jack, Magic, Pro Gold 500, Pro Gold 510, Trickster, Wizard
Mammoth: Alantic, Giant, Big Mac, Big Max, Howden Biggie, Prizewinner
Spinach Fresh: Fall Green, Samish,, Winter Green (Ark 88-310)
Processing: ACX 5044, F 380, ACX 3633, ACX 2615, 6710157
Squash (Yellow) Straight Neck: General Patton, Golden Girl, Goldbar, Gold Spike, Lemon Drop L., Multipik, PS- 391
Crook Neck: Bandit, Dixie, Early Golden, Freedom II, Goldslice, Goldie, Liverator III, Medallion, Meigs, Prelude II, Pavo, Supersett, Sunrise
Zucchini: Commander, Enterprise, Independence II, President, Senator, ACX 34
Sweet Corn Standard: Merit Y, Jubilee Y, Silver Queen W
Se: Calico Belle B, Guadalupe Gold, Kandy Korn, Snowbelle w, Sweet G-90 B, Temptation B
Sh2: Challenger Y, Dazzle, Even Sweeter W, Endeavor Y, Florida Staysweet Y, Pounchline Y, Summersweet 7710 Y, Sweetie 82 Y, Frontier W, Summersweet 7211 W, Summersweet 7210Y, Summersweet 8102 B
Se X Sh2: Sweet Ice, Sweet Symphony, Sweet Rhythm
Sweet Potato Orange flesh: Beuregard, Jewel, Excel, Hernandez
Gold flesh: Shore Gold
White flesh: Sumor, White Delight
Tomato Standard: Bingo, Carnival, Celebrity, Florida 51, Merced, Sanibel, Spitfire, Sunbeam, Sunrise, Summer Flavor 5000
Heat set: ACX 12, Florida 91, Florasette, Heatwave, Sunchaser, Surefire
Processing: ACX 8625, Aztec,Casa Del Sol, Chico III, Ohio 8245, TX III, XP 671, Yaqui
Turnip Greens: All Top, Alamo, Topper
Roots: Purple Top White Globe, Royal Globe, Shogoin, York, Seven Top, Tokyo Cross, White Lady, Royal Crown
Watermelon Hybrids: Big Stripe, Royal Sweet, Royal Flush, Sentinel, Stargazer, Stars-N-Stripes, Summer Flavor 800, Summergold Y
Seedless(Triploids): Crimson Trio, Tri X313, Caurosel, Revolution, Summer Flavor 5244
Open Pollinated: Allsweet, JubileeII, Legacy

Table 3. Fertilizer Requirements of Selected Vegetable Crops.

  Generalized Requirement Range Apply when Soil Test is very low
Crop N P K N P K
Green Bean 60-80 80-100 60-80 75 90 100
Pinto Bean 40-60 80-120 80-120 70 80 100
Beets 60-80 60-80 80-100 100 80 100
Cantaloupe 40-100 60-100 60-100 120 80 120
Carrot 30-80 60-100 60-100 100 80 100
Cauliflower 60-100 120-170 60-80 150 90 120
Swiss Chard 120 80-100 100-120 120 90 160
Collards & Kale 60-100 80-100 80-100 150 90 150
Cucumber 40-100 90-100 140-150 120 80 120
Eggplant 70-115 90-120 150-200 145 90 160
Lettuce 60-90 100-120 120-170 100 80 120
Mustard 60-90 80-120 120-170 100 80 120
Okra 60-80 60-80 120-170 80 70 90
Onion (Dry bulb) 60-90 60-70 100-170 120 80 100
Onion (Green) 60-80 80-120 60-80 100 80 100
Pea (Southern) 20-60 50-100 40-120 60 50 40
Pea (English) 20-80 50-80 40-150 20 50 40
Pepper 30-80 50-80 80-120 160 80 150
Potato (Irish) 80-160 80-120 80-120 180 100 200
Potato (Sweet) 40-60 50-120 120-180 80 90 160
Pumpkin 60-80 80-100 110-140 120 80 140
Radish 40-60 50-80 70-120 90 50 100
Spinach 60-70 110-140 110-140 150 80 125
Squash (Summer) 60-70 65-140 110-140 100 65 120
Squash (Winter) 60-70 100-140 110-140 110 80 125
Sweet Corn 120 70-120 80-100 140 85 100
Tomato 60-80 60-70 110-140 150 80 150
Turnip (Roots) 36-80 50-120 70-120 80 50 100
Turnip (Tops) 36-80 80-120 70-120 80 50 100
Watermelon 40-90 40-60 40-60 120 75 130

TAEX recommendations

Table 4. Approximate Absorption of Nutrients by Traditional Vegetable Crops.

Vegetable Yield(cwt./acre) Nutrient Absorption (lb./acre)
N P K
Bean, green 100 beans
Plants
120
50
170
10
6
16
55
45
100
Broccoli 100 heads
Other
20
145
165
2
8
10
45
165
210
Brussels sprouts 160 sprouts
Other
150
85
235
20
9
29
125
110
235
Carrot 500 roots
Tops
80
65
145
20
5
25
200
145
345
Celery 1000 tops
Roots
170
25
195
35
15
50
380
55
435
Corn, sweet 130 ears
Plants
55
100
155
8
12
20
30
75
105
Honeydew melon 290 fruits
Vines
70
135
205
8
15
23
65
95
160
Lettuce 350 plants 95 12 170
Muskmelon 225 fruits
Vines
95
60
155
17
8
25
120
35
155
Onion 400 bulbs
Tops
110
35
145
20
5
25
110
45
155
Pepper 225 fruits
Plants
45
95
140
6
6
12
50
90
140
Pea, shelled 40 peas
Vines
100
70
170
10
12
22
30
50
80
Potato 400 tubers
Vines
150
60
210
19
11
30
200
75
275
Spinach 200 Plants 100 12 100
Sweet Potato 300 roots
Vines
80
60
140
16
4
20
160
40
200
Tomato 600 fruits 100
80
180
10
11
21
180
100
280

Source: Knott’s Vegetable Growers Handbook. 4th edition. Don Maynard and George Hochmut.
Table 5. Typical Composition of Manures and Other Organic Fertilizer Sources.
Manures vary greatly in their nutrient content according to the kind of feed used, the percentage and type of litter or bedding, the moisture content, and the age and degree of rotting or drying.. The following data are representative analyses from several reports.

  Moisture % Approximate Composition (lb/ton)
N P2O5 K2O
Fresh Manure with Bedding or Litter
Cow 86 11 4 10
Duck 61 22 29 10
Goose 67 22 11 10
Hen 73 22 22 10
Hog 87 11 6 9
Horse 80 13 5 13
Sheep 70 20 15 21
Steer or feed yard 85 12 7 11
Turkey 74 26 14 10
Dried Commercial Products
Cow 21 20 20 38
Hen 13 31 35 40
Hog 10 45 42 20
Rabbit 16 26 31 32
Sheep 10 32 25 41
Stockyard 17 25 24 42
Alfalfa hay 10 50 11 50
Alfalfa straw 7 28 7 36
Barley hay 9 23 11 33
Barley straw 10 12 5 32
Bean straw 11 20 6 25
Beggarweed hay 9 50 12 56
Buckwheat straw 11 14 2 48
Clover hay

Alyce
Bur
Crimson
Ladino
Sweet

11
8
11
12
8

 

35
60
45
60
60

 

21
11
13
12

 

70
67
67
38

Cowpea hay 10 60 13 36
Cowpea straw 9 20 5 38
Field pea hay 11 28 11 30
Horse bean hay 9 43
Lezpedeza hay 11 41 8 22
Lezpedeza straw 10 21
Oat hay 12 26 9 20
Oat straw 10 13 5 33
Ryegrass hay 11 26 11 25
Rye hay 9 21 8 25
Rye straw 7 11 4 22
Sorghum stover, Hegari 13 18 4
Soybean hay 12 46 11 20
Soybean straw 11 13 6 15
Sudan grass hay 11 28 12 31
Sweet corn fodder 12 30 8 24
Velvet bean hay 7 50 11 53
Vetch hay

Common
Hairy

 

11
12

 

43
62

 

15
15

 

53
47

Wheat hay 10 20 8 35
Wheat straw 8 12 3 19
Miscellaneous Organic Materials
Bat guano 200 80 40
Blood 260 40 20
Bone meal, raw 60 440
Bone meal, steamed 20 300
Castor bean meal 100 40 20
Cotton seed meal 120 60 30
Fish meal 200 120
Garbage tankage 50 40 20
Peanut meal 140 30 24
Sewage sludge 30 25 8
Sewage sludge, act. 120 60 4
Soybean meal 140 24 30
Tankage 140 200 30

Table 6. Crop sensitivity to soil pH.

Crop
Ideal pH
Acceptable Range
Slight alkaline tolerance (pH>7.5)

Slight acid tolerance
(6.8-6.0)

Moderate acid tolerance
(6.8-5.5)
Strong acid tolerance
(6.8-5.0)
Asparagus 6.5 6.0-7.5
X
Bean 6.5 5.5-6.8
X
X
Beet 6.5 6.0-8.0
X
X
Broccoli 6.5 6.0-7.5
X
Cabbage 6.5 6.0-7.5
X
Cantaloupe 6.5 6.0-8.0
X
X
Carrot 6.5 5.5-7.8
X
X
Cauliflower 6.5 6.0-7.8
X
X
Celery 6.5 6.0-7.5
X
Collard 6.5 6.0-7.5
X
Cowpea (Southern pea) 6.5 6.0-7.5
X
Cucumber 5.5 6.3-7.5
X
X
Eggplant 6.5 5.5-7.2
X
Garlic 6.5 6.0-8.4
X
X
Lettuce 6.5 6.0-7.6
X
X
Mustard green 6.3 5.5-7.5
X
Okra 6.5 6.0-7.5
X
Onion 6.3 6.0-8.4
X
X
Pepper 6.5 5.5-7.5
X
Potato 6 5.0-7.8
X
X
Pumpkin 6.5 5.5-7.5
X
Radish 6.5 6.0-7.0
X
Spinach 7 6.5-8.0
X
X
Squash 6.5 6.0-7.5
X
Sweet corn 6.5 6.0-7.0
X
Sweet potato 6.5 5.0-7.5
X
Tomato 6.5 5.5-7.3
X
Turnip 6.5 5.5-7.5
X
Watermelon 6 6.5-7.0
X
X

Table 7. Texas Department of Agriculture approved materials list.

Allowed

Allowed with Restrictions

Acetic acid Alcohol (synthetic)
Adhesives (natural) Ammonium carbonate
Agar (carageenen kombu, nori) Ammonium soaps
Alcohol (natural) Antibiotics
Alfalfa meal Arsenic (copper chromic arsenate)
Alginated Ash (natural)
Antitranspirants (natural) Bleach (sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite)
Ascorbic acid Blood meal
Attapulgite clay (Fuller’s Earth) Bone meal
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) Bordeaux mixtures
Ballons & other inflatable traps Botanical insecticides
Barriers or repellents Calcium chloride
Banana oil Calcium lignosulfate (ligninosulfonate)
Beeswax Caustic soda
Beneficial organisms Chelates
Biodynamic preparations Chilean nitrae (mined nitrate of soda and Chile saltpeter)
Biological controls Cocoa bean hulls (cocoa shell meal)
Bird traps or netting (mechanical) Copper hydroxide
Blue-green algae Corn calcium
Borax (sodium borate) Cotton gin trash
Boric acid Cottonseed meal
Boron products Deer and rabbit repellents
Calcium carbonate (aragonite) Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate)
Calcium phosphate (dibasic, monobasic, & tribasic) Fish emulsions
Calcium sulfate (anhydrite and gypsum) Fish meal
Carbon dioxide gas Fruit waxes (natural)
Citric acid Fulvic acid
Citrus oil Gibberelic acid (sugar carrier based)
Coconut oil Hydrated lime (slake lime)
Composts Ligninosulfonate
Compost tea Lime (calcium hydroxide, caustic lime)
Copper Lime sulfur (calciumpolysulfide)
Copper sulfate Magnesium chloride
Corn starch Micronutrient sprays
Cytokinins Muriate of potash (potassium chloride)
Detergents Mushroom compost
Diatomaceous earth Neem extracts (powder and seeds)
Dolomite Nematocides (sea animal based)
Dormant oils Niter
Earthworm castings Nitrate of soda-potash
Enzymes (natural, amylase, protease, lipase and cellulase) Nitrogen gas
Feather meal Oleic acid
Feldspar (potassium aluminosilicate) Ortho-phosphoric acid
Fungi (entomopathic) Oxalic acid
Garlic Petroleum distillates (mineral oils & parafinic oil)
Gelatin waxes Petroleum oil spray adjuvants (spreader-stickers and carriers)
Glycerin Pheromones (mating disruption)
Granite dust Piperonyl butoxide (PBO)
Grape & other pomaces Polyvinyl alcohol
Greensand (glauconite) Potassium sulfate
Growth enhancers Pyrethrums
Guano (bat or bird) Quassia
Gums (natural) Rotenone
Gums Ryania
Gypsum Sabadilla
Herbal preparations Seeds (treated with synthetic materials)
Hoof and horn meal Soda ash
Humates Sodium molybdate
Humic acid derivatives Sodium nitrate
Hydrogen peroxide Sodium silicate
Insect extracts Stearic acid
Insect feeding stimulants Sugar beet lime
Kelp extracts Sulfate of potash
Kelp meal Sulfates of zinc or iron
Kiesertie (magnesium sulfate and epsomite) Sulfur (brimstone or flowers of sulfur)
Kiln dust Transplants (non-certified organically grown)
Langbeinite Vitamin D3
Lignite Wood ash
Lime & fluid limestone Zeolite (natural)
Magnesium carbonate (magnesite)
Malic acid
Manures (animal)
Manure tea
Marl
Mechanical and cultural controls
Microbial diseases
Microbial plant, soil, compost and seed inoculants
Mined minerals
Mineral salts
Mulches
Nematocides (natural)
Nematodes
Newspaper mulch
Nosema species
Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV)
Oystershell lime
Peanut meal
Peat moss
Pectin
Perlite
pH buffers (natural)
Pheromones (monitoring)
Phosphate rock (phosphorite)
Pine (tall) oil
Plant extracts
Potato starch
Propolis
Protozoa
Rodent traps
Rice hulls
Salt
Saw dust
Seaweed and seaweed extracts

Note: Periodically check with TDA to make certain products are still on approved list.
Table 8. The National List of Allowed and Prohibited Substances

§ 205.600 Evaluation criteria for allowed and prohibited substances, methods, and ingredients.
The following criteria will be utilized in the evaluation of substances or ingredients for the organic production and handling sections of the National List:

(a) Synthetic and nonsynthetic substances considered for inclusion on or deletion from the National List of allowed and prohibited substances will be evaluated using the criteria specified in the Act (7 U.S.C. 6517 and 6518).
(b) In addition to the criteria set forth in the Act, any synthetic substance used as a processing aid or adjuvant will be evaluated against the following criteria:

(1) The substance cannot be produced from a natural source and there are no organic substitutes;
(2) The substance’s manufacture, use, and disposal do not have adverse effects on the environment and are done in a manner compatible with organic handling;
(3) The nutritional quality of the food is maintained when the substance is used, and the substance, itself, or its breakdown products do not have an adverse effect on human health as defined by applicable Federal regulations;
(4) The substance’s primary use is not as a preservative or to recreate or improve flavors, colors, textures, or nutritive value lost during processing, except where the replacement of nutrients is required by law;
(5) The substance is listed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) when used in accordance with FDA’s good manufacturing practices (GMP) and contains no residues of heavy metals or other contaminants in excess of tolerances set by FDA; and
(6) The substance is essential for the handling of organically produced agricultural products.

(c) Nonsynthetics used in organic processing will be evaluated using the criteria specified in the Act (7 U.S.C. 6517 and 6518).

§ 205.601 Synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production.
In accordance with restrictions specified in this section, the following synthetic substances may be used in organic crop production:

(a) As algicide, disinfectants, and sanitizer, including irrigation system cleaning systems

(1) Alcohols

(i) Ethanol
(ii) Isopropanol

(2) Chlorine materials – Except, That, residual chlorine levels in the water shall not exceed the maximum residual disinfectant limit under the Safe Drinking Water Act.

(i) Calcium hypochlorite
(ii) Chlorine dioxide
(iii) Sodium hypochlorite

(3) Hydrogen peroxide
(4) Soap-based algicide/demisters

(b) As herbicides, weed barriers, as applicable.

(1) Herbicides, soap-based – for use in farmstead maintenance (roadways, ditches, right of ways, building perimeters) and ornamental crops
(2) Mulches

(i) Newspaper or other recycled paper, without glossy or colored inks.
(ii) Plastic mulch and covers (petroleum-based other than polyvinyl chloride (PVC))

(c) As compost feedstocks

Newspapers or other recycled paper, without glossy or colored inks

(d) As animal repellents

Soaps, ammonium – for use as a large animal repellant only, no contact with soil or edible portion of crop

(e) As insecticides (including acaricides or mite control)

(1) Ammonium carbonate – for use as bait in insect traps only, no direct contact with crop or soil
(2) Boric acid – structural pest control, no direct contact with organic food or crops
(3) Elemental sulfur
(4) Lime sulfur – including calcium polysulfide
(5) Oils, horticultural – narrow range oils as dormant, suffocating, and summer oils.
(6) Soaps, insecticidal
(7) Sticky traps/barriers

(f) As insect attractants

Pheromones

(g) As rodenticides

(1) Sulfur dioxide – underground rodent control only (smoke bombs)
(2) Vitamin D3

(h) As slug or snail bait

<None>

(i) As plant disease control

(1) Coppers, fixed – copper hydroxide, copper oxide, copper oxychloride, includes products exempted from EPA tolerance, Provided, That, copper-based materials must be used in a manner that minimizes accumulation in the soil and shall not be used as herbicides.
(2) Copper sulfate – Substance must be used in a manner that minimizes accumulation of copper in the soil.
(3) Hydrated lime – must be used in a manner that minimizes copper accumulation in the soil.
(4) Hydrogen peroxide
(5) Lime sulfur
(6) Oils, horticultural, narrow range oils as dormant, suffocating, and summer oils.
(7) Potassium bicarbonate
(8) Elemental sulfur
(9) Streptomycin, for fire blight control in apples and pears only
(10) Tetracycline (oxytetracycline calcium complex), for fire blight control only

(j) As plant or soil amendments.

(1) Aquatic plant extracts (other than hydrolyzed) – Extraction process is limited to the use of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide; solvent amount used is limited to that amount necessary for extraction.
(2) Elemental sulfur
(3) Humic acids – naturally occurring deposits, water and alkali extracts only
(4) Lignin sulfonate – chelating agent, dust suppressant, floatation agent
(5) Magnesium sulfate – allowed with a documented soil deficiency
(6) Micronutrients – not to be used as a defoliant, herbicide, or desiccant. Those made from nitrates or chlorides are not allowed. Soil deficiency must be documented by testing.

(i) Soluble boron products
(ii) Sulfates, carbonates, oxides, or silicates of zinc, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and cobalt,

(7) Liquid fish products – can be pH adjusted with sulfuric, citric or phosphoric acid. The amount of acid used shall not exceed the minimum needed to lower the pH to 3.5
(8) Vitamins, B1, C, and E

(k) As plant growth regulators

Ethylene – for regulation of pineapple flowering

(l) As floating agents in postharvest handling

(1) Lignin sulfonate
(2) Sodium silicate – for tree fruit and fiber processing

(m) As synthetic inert ingredients as classified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for use with nonsynthetic substances or synthetic substances listed in this section and used as an active pesticide ingredient in accordance with any limitations on the use of such substances.

(1) EPA List 4 – Inerts of Minimal Concern

(n)-(z) [Reserved]

§ 205.602 Nonsynthetic substances prohibited for use in organic crop production.
The following nonsynthetic substances may not be used in organic crop production:

(a) Ash from manure burning
(b) Arsenic
(c) Lead salts
(d) Sodium fluoaluminate (mined)
(e) Strychnine
(f) Tobacco dust (nicotine sulfate)
(g) Potassium chloride – unless derived from a mined source and applied in a manner that minimizes chloride accumulation in the soil.
(h) Sodium nitrate – unless use is restricted to no more than 20% of the crop’s total nitrogen requirement.
(i)-(z) [Reserved]

§ 205.603 Synthetic substances allowed for use in organic livestock production.
In accordance with restrictions specified in this section the following synthetic substances may be used in organic livestock production:

(a) As disinfectants, sanitizer, and medical treatments as applicable

(1) Alcohols

(i) Ethanol – disinfectant and sanitizer only, prohibited as a feed additive
(ii) Isopropanol – disinfectant only

(2) Aspirin – approved for health care use to reduce inflammation
(3) Chlorine materials – disinfecting and sanitizing facilities and equipment. Residual chlorine levels in the water shall not exceed the maximum residual disinfectant limit under the Safe Drinking Water Act

(i) Calcium hypochlorite
(ii) Chlorine dioxide
(iii) Sodium hypochlorite

(4) Chlorohexidine – Allowed for surgical procedures conducted by a veterinarian. Allowed for use as a teat dip when alternative germicidal agents and/or physical barriers have lost their effectiveness
(5) Electrolytes – without antibiotics
(6) Glucose
(7) Glycerin – Allowed as a livestock teat dip, must be produced through the hydrolysis of fats or oils
(8) Iodine
(9) Hydrogen peroxide
(10) Magnesium sulfate
(11) Oxytocin – use in postparturition therapeutic applications
(12) Parasiticides

Ivermectin – prohibited in slaughter stock, allowed in emergency treatment for dairy and breeder stock when organic system plan-approved preventive management does not prevent infestation. Milk or milk products from a treated animal cannot be labeled as provided for in subpart D of this part for 90 days following treatment. In breeder stock, treatment cannot occur during the last third of gestation if the progeny will be sold as organic and must not be used during the lactation period of breeding stock.

(13) Phosphoric acid – allowed as an equipment cleaner, Provided, That, no direct contact with organically managed livestock or land occurs.
(14) Biologics

Vaccines

(b) As topical treatment, external parasiticide or local anesthetic as applicable.

(1) Iodine
(2) Lidocaine – as a local anesthetic. Use requires a withdrawal period of 90 days after administering to livestock intended for slaughter and 7 days after administering to dairy animals
(3) Lime, hydrated – (bordeaux mixes), not permitted to cauterize physical alterations or deodorize animal wastes.
(4) Mineral oil – for topical use and as a lubricant
(5) Procaine – as a local anesthetic, use requires a withdrawal period of 90 days after administering to livestock intended for slaughter and 7 days after administering to dairy animals
(6) Copper sulfate

(c) As feed supplements

Milk replacers – without antibiotics, as emergency use only, no nonmilk products or products from BST treated animals

(d) As feed additives

(1) Trace minerals, used for enrichment or fortification when FDA approved, including:

(i) Copper sulfate
(ii) Magnesium sulfate

(2) Vitamins, used for enrichment or fortification when FDA approved

(e) As synthetic inert ingredients as classified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), for use with nonsynthetic substances or a synthetic substances listed in this section and used as an active pesticide ingredient in accordance with any limitations on the use of such substances.
EPA List 4 – Inerts of Minimal Concern.
(f)-(z) [Reserved]

§ 205.604 Nonsynthetic substances prohibited for use in organic livestock production.
The following nonsynthetic substances may not be used in organic livestock production:

(a) Strychnine
(b)-(z) [Reserved]

§ 205.605 Nonagricultural (nonorganic) substances allowed as ingredients in or on processed products labeled as “organic” or “made with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s)).”
The following nonagricultural substances may be used as ingredients in or on processed products labeled as “organic” or “made with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s))” only in accordance with any restrictions specified in this section.

(a) Nonsynthetics allowed:

(1) Acids

(i) Alginic
(ii) Citric – produced by microbial fermentation of carbohydrate substances
(iii) Lactic

(2) Bentonite
(3) Calcium carbonate
(4) Calcium chloride
(5) Colors, nonsynthetic sources only
(6) Dairy cultures
(7) Diatomaceous earth – food filtering aid only
(8) Enzymes – must be derived from edible, nontoxic plants, nonpathogenic fungi, or nonpathogenic bacteria
(9) Flavors, nonsynthetic sources only and must not be produced using synthetic solvents and carrier systems or any artificial preservative.
(10) Kaolin
(11) Magnesium sulfate, nonsynthetic sources only
(12) Nitrogen – oil-free grades
(13) Oxygen – oil-free grades
(14) Perlite – for use only as a filter aid in food processing
(15) Potassium chloride
(16) Potassium iodide
(17) Sodium bicarbonate
(18) Sodium carbonate
(19) Waxes – nonsynthetic

(i) Carnauba wax
(ii) Wood resin

(20) Yeast – nonsynthetic, growth on petrochemical substrate and sulfite waste liquor is prohibited

(i) Autolysate
(ii) Bakers
(iii) Brewers
(iv) Nutritional
(v) Smoked – nonsynthetic smoke flavoring process must be documented.

(b) Synthetics allowed:

(1) Alginates
(2) Ammonium bicarbonate – for use only as a leavening agent
(3) Ammonium carbonate – for use only as a leavening agent
(4) Ascorbic acid
(5) Calcium citrate
(6) Calcium hydroxide
(7) Calcium phosphates (monobasic, dibasic, and tribasic)
(8) Carbon dioxide
(9) Chlorine materials – disinfecting and sanitizing food contact surfaces, Except, That, residual chlorine levels in the water shall not exceed the maximum residual disinfectant limit under the Safe Drinking Water Act.

(i) Calcium hypochlorite
(ii) Chlorine dioxide
(iii) Sodium hypochlorite

(10) Ethylene – allowed for postharvest ripening of tropical fruit
(11) Ferrous sulfate – for iron enrichment or fortification of foods when required by regulation or recommended (independent organization)
(12) Glycerides (mono and di) – for use only in drum drying of food
(13) Glycerin – produced by hydrolysis of fats and oils
(14) Hydrogen peroxide
(15) Lecithin – bleached
(16) Magnesium carbonate – for use only in agricultural products labeled “made with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s)),” prohibited in agricultural products labeled “organic”
(17) Magnesium chloride – derived from sea water
(18) Magnesium stearate – for use only in agricultural products labeled “made with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s)),” prohibited in agricultural products labeled “organic”
(19) Nutrient vitamins and minerals, in accordance with 21 CFR 104.20, Nutritional Quality Guidelines For Foods
(20) Ozone
(21) Pectin (low-methoxy)
(22) Phosphoric acid – cleaning of food-contact surfaces and equipment only
(23) Potassium acid tartrate
(24) Potassium tartrate made from tartaric acid
(25) Potassium carbonate
(26) Potassium citrate
(27) Potassium hydroxide – prohibited for use in lye peeling of fruits and vegetables
(28) Potassium iodide – for use only in agricultural products labeled “made with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s)),” prohibited in agricultural products labeled “organic”
(29) Potassium phosphate – for use only in agricultural products labeled “made with organic (specific ingredients or food group(s)),” prohibited in agricultural products labeled “organic”
(30) Silicon dioxide
(31) Sodium citrate
(32) Sodium hydroxide – prohibited for use in lye peeling of fruits and vegetables
(33) Sodium phosphates – for use only in dairy foods
(34) Sulfur dioxide – for use only in wine labeled “made with organic grapes,” Provided, That, total sulfite concentration does not exceed 100 ppm.
(35) Tocopherols – derived from vegetable oil when rosemary extracts are not a suitable alternative
(36) Xanthan gum

(c)-(z) [Reserved]

§ 205.606 Nonorganically produced agricultural products allowed as ingredients in or on processed products labeled as organic or made with organic ingredients.
The following nonorganically produced agricultural products may be used as ingredients in or on processed products labeled as “organic” or “made with organic (specified ingredients or food group(s))” only in accordance with any restrictions specified in this section.
Any nonorganically produced agricultural product may be used in accordance with the restrictions specified in this section and when the product is not commercially available in organic form.

(a) Cornstarch (native)
(b) Gums – water extracted only (arabic, guar, locust bean, carob bean)
(c) Kelp – for use only as a thickener and dietary supplement
(d) Lecithin – unbleached
(e) Pectin (high-methoxy)

§ 205.607 Amending the National List.

(a) Any person may petition the National Organic Standard Board for the purpose of having a substance evaluated by the Board for recommendation to the Secretary for inclusion on or deletion from the National List in accordance with the Act.
(b) A person petitioning for amendment of the National List should request a copy of the petition procedures from the USDA at the address in § 205.607(c).
(c) A petition to amend the National List must be submitted to: Program Manager, USDA/AMS/TMP/NOP, Room 2945, South Building, P.O. Box 96456, Washington, DC 20090-6456.

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