Varieties
Brisk Green, China Express, Jade Pagoda, Michihili, Monument
Soil Preferences
Fertile, well-drained, medium textured soils, with pH range of 6.0 - 6.5. Relatively well adapted to heavy soils.
Perform poorly and can experience Bo deficiency in light sands.
Optimum Growing Conditions
- Cool days (55-70°F) with cool to cold nights (40-50°F)
- Temperatures above 75°F may cause tip burn
- Prolonged temperature of 55°F can cause bolting
- 15-20°F is normal freeze threshold
Establishment Methods
| Planting Method | Direct seeded or transplanted |
|---|---|
| Optimum Time | Spring - soil seed zone temperature >50°F Fall - soil seed zone temperature <100°F |
| Seeding rate | Raw seed - 0.5-1.5 lbs/acre at 0.25" depth Coated seed - 6-8 lbs/acre at 0.5" depth |
| Approx seed/oz | 9,000 |
| Seedling spacing | 1-2 rows on 24-40" wide raised beds with 10-18" in-row spacing |
Fertility/Fertilization
Rates presented as actual lbs/acre N2, P2o5, and K2o (base actual rates applied on soil test results).| Generalized rate: 150 - 75 - 80 lb/acre* | |
| N** | 100-130 pre-plant 25-30 lbs N/acre side-dressed at thinning (4 true-leaf stage), or at transplanting. |
|---|---|
| P | 60-80 banded approximately 2" below seed at planting |
| K | 80-100 (Potassium not normally required in most areas of Texas) |
Water/Irrigation
High water demand (20-30"). Uniform moisture levels required throughout growing season for Optimum yields.Pest Management
Chinese Cabbage Diseases and Common Name of Fungicidal Controls
| DISEASE | FUNGICIDE* | OMRI LISTED FUNGICIDE** |
|---|---|---|
| Alternaria leaf spot | Streptomyces lydicus | neem oil |
| Anthracnose | Potassium bicarbonate, Potassium phosphite, pyraclostrobin | Bacillus subtilis, neem oil |
| Bacterial soft rot | Bacillus subtilis | |
| Blackleg | Potassium bicarbonate, pyraclostrobin | |
| Black rot | Acibenzolar-s-methyl, copper sulfate | Bacillus subtilis |
| Downy mildew | Acibenzolar-s-methyl, azoxystrobin, Chlorothalonil, copper hydroxide, Copper octanoate, Fluopicolide, Fosetyl-Al, Hydrogen dioxide, Maneb, Mefenoxam, Potassium bicarbonate, Potassium phosphite, pyraclostrobin, Streptomyces lydicus | Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Clove, rosemary and thyme oil, Extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis, neem oil |
| Nematode | 1,3-dichloropronene, Choloropicrin, Metam-potassium, Metam-sodium, sesame oil, | Azadirachtin |
| Southern blight | pyraclostrobin | Bacillus subtilis |
Chinese Cabbage Insect Pests and Common Name of Insecticidal Controls
| INSECT | INSECTICIDE* | OMRI LISTED INSECTICIDE** |
|---|---|---|
| Aphid | Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Diazinon, Gamma-cyhalothrin, Imidacloprid, Lambdacyhalothrin, Malathion, Oxydemeton-methyl, Petroleum oil, Piperonyl butoxide, Potassium salts of fatty acids, Soybean oil, Thiamethoxam | Azadirachtin, neem oil, Peppermint and rosemary oil, Pyrethrins |
| Cabbage looper | Cyfluthrin, Emamectin benzoate, Esfenvalerate, Flubendiamide, Gamma-cyhalothrin, Indoxacarb, Lambdacyhalothrin, Malathion, Methoxyfenozide, Novaluron, Permethrin, Piperonyl butoxide, Spinetoram, Tebufenozide | Azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pyrethrins, Spinosad |
| Diamondback moth | Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Carbaryl, Diazinon, Emamectin benzoate, Flubendiamide, Gamma-cyhalothrin, Indoxacarb, Lambdacyhalothrin, Methoxyfenozide, Novaluron, permethrin, Piperonyl butoxide, Spinetoram | Azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, pheromones, Pyrethrins, Spinosad |
| Flea beetle | Bifenthrin, Carbaryl, Dinotefuran, Esfenvalerate, Gamma-cyhalothrin, Imidacloprid, Lambdacyhalothrin, Malathion, Permthrin, Piperonyl butoxide, Thiamethoxam | Azadirachtin, Kaolin, Pyrethrins |
| Mites | Petroleum oil, Soybean oil | Azadirachtin, neem oil, Pyrethrins |
| Root maggot | Chlorpyrifos | Peppermint and rosemary oil |
| Whitefly | Bifenthrin, Cyfluthrin, Dinotefuran, Gamma-cyhalothrin, Imidacloprid, Lambdacyhalothrin, Novaluron, Petroleum oil, Piperonyl butoxide, Potassium salts of fatty acids, Soybean oil, Thiamethoxam | Azadirachtin, neem oil, Peppermint and rosemary oil, Pyrethrins, |
Weeds and Common Name of Herbicidal Controls
| WEED | HERBICIDE* | OMRI LISTED HERBICIDE** |
|---|---|---|
| Preplant incorporated | clomazone, DCPA, napropamide, bensulide, trifluralin | Corn gluten meal |
| Preemergence (prior to spear emergence) | DCPA, napropamide | |
| Postemergence | carfentrazone, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, sethoxydim, glyphosate, pelargonic acid, clethodim | d-limonene, clove oil, cinnamon and clove oil |
* The above is a partial listing of controls intended as examples. Some labels may have been revoked since the publication of this guide. Refer to product labels for specifics and use accordingly. Ensure that products with one of the listed active ingredients is registered for the crop it is to be used on. Failure to do the above may result in crop injury, death and/or citation for law violation. Humans, animals and the environment may also be adversely affected by misuse.
** As stated in §205.206 of the National Organic Standards, pest management decisions should follow a hierarchical approach, which should be defined in a farm's organic systems plan. Please ensure that you have followed the appropriate steps and any product to be used in certified organic production systems has been approved by your certifying agent.
Harvest
| Days after planting | Direct seeded - 50-70 Transplanted - 35-50 |
|---|---|
| Normal method | Hand harvested |
| Containers | Bulk wagons and bins |
| Packaging/Handling | 80-85 lb WGA crates 45-54 lb 14.5" WBG crates |
| Anticipated yield/acre | 15-20 tons |
Transit Conditions
32°F at 98-100% RH (freezing point 30.4°F). Shelf life - 3 weeks to 6 months.Comments/Production Keys
- Warm temperatures and increasing day length will cause early flowering of the heads
- Soils pH >7.8 may induce black hollow stems; Solubor(Bo) at 5-10 lbs/acre foliar applied prior to heading reduces severity
- Crop may have an alleopathic adverse effect on following crop
- High nitrogen requirements
- Shallow, horizontal rooting patterns dictates very shallow cultivation to avoid root pruning and reduced yields
- Production on light soils requires high level of management
- Better suited to early fall production in most areas of the state
- Water management very critical for stand establishment of early fall direct seeded crop