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Varieties
Bush bean: Black Turtle, Blue Lake, Contender, Derby, Dorabell, Dwarf French Tendergreen, Early Contender, Goldcrop Wax, Greencrop, Improved Golden Wax, Jade, Jumbo, Long Tendergreen, Maxibel, Provider, Roma II, Strike, Tendercrop, Topcrop
Fava: Broad Windsor
Lima: Dixie Speckled, Florida Butter Pole, Florida Speckled Pole, Fordhook, Henderson Bush, Jackson Wonder Bush, King of the Garden Pole, Sieve or Carolina
Pole: Dade, Kentucky Wonder, Northeaster, Romano Gold
Soil Preferences
Well-drained, silt loams with a pH 5.5-6.8. Avoid soils that crust badly and those with high salt content.
Optimum Growing Conditions
Cool nights (55-60°F) and warm days (80-85°F). Temperatures >90°F will cause blossom drop.
Establishment Methods
| Direct seeded | Spring - soil 60-65°F Fall - soil below 85°F |
|---|---|
| Seeding rate | 70-80 lbs/acre (6-10 seed/ft) |
| Approx seed/oz | 100-120 |
| Seeding depth | |
| Seedling spacing | 2" in-row with 38-40" wide raised beds |
Fertility/Fertilization
Rates presented as actual lbs/acre N2, P2o5, and K2o (base actual rates applied on soil test results).| Generalized rate: 50 - 80 - 90 lb/acre | |
| N* | 50-80 pre-plant |
|---|---|
| P | 50-100 pre-plant |
| K | 60-80, normally needed only in East Texas |
Water/Irrigation
10 - 15"; critical growth stages for moisture are at bloom and pod set. Pre-plant irrigation suggested. Irrigating in cold, dry soils can reduce stand.Pest Management
Bean Diseases and Common Name of Fungicidal Controls
| DISEASE | FUNGICIDE* | OMRI LISTED FUNGICIDE** |
|---|---|---|
| Anthracnose | Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Potassium phosphite | Neem oil |
| Botrytis blight | Chlorothalonil, Hydrogen dioxide, Mefenoxam, Metalaxyl, Phostrol (phosphorous acid, mono and dibasic sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts), Potassium phosphite | |
| Downy mildew | Copper, Potassium phosphite, Pyraclostrobin, | Bacillus pumilus, Streptomyces lydicus |
| Halo blight (bacterial) | Fenhexamid | Bacillus subtilis, Neem oil |
| Powdery mildew | Chlorothalonil, Mancozeb, Myclobutanil, Tebuconazole | Bacillus pumilus, Streptomyces lydicus, Sulfur |
| Pythium Root Rot | Azoxystrobin, Chlorothalonil, Trifloxystrobin | |
| Rhizoctonia Root Rot | Azoxystrobin, PCNB | |
| Rust | Azoxystrobin, Chlorothalonil, Extract of Reynoutria sachalinensis, Myclobutanil, Paraffinic oil, Pyraclostrobin, Tebuconazole, | Bacillus pumilus; Clove, rosemary and thyme oil; Copper sulfate; Hydrogen dioxide (hydrogen peroxide); Neem oil; Sulfur |
| White mold | Telone, Chloropicrin, Metam-potassium, Metam-sodium, Sesame oil | Azadirachtin |
| Nematode | Telone, Chloropicrin, Metam-potassium, Metam-sodium, Sesame oil | Azadirachtin |
Bean Insect Pests and Common Name of Insecticidal Controls
| INSECT | INSECTICIDE* | OMRI LISTED INSECTICIDE** |
|---|---|---|
| Aphid | Acephate, Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Carbaryl, Dimethoate, Disulfoton, Esfenvalerate, Imidacloprid, Lambdacyhalothrin, Malathion, Methomyl, Naled, Petroleum oil, Phorate, Rotenone, Soybean oil, Thiamethoxam | Azadirachtin, Garlic juice extract, Insecticidal soap, Potassium salts of fatty acids, Pyrethrins |
| Beetles | Carbaryl, Esfenvalerate, Petroleum oil, Rotenone | Azadirachtin, Kaolin, Pyrethrins |
| Cabbage Looper | Bifenthrin, Esfenvalerate, Rotenone | Azadirachtin, Bacillus thringiensis, Insecticidal soap, Kaolin, Pyrethrins |
| Corn earworm | Bifenthrin, Carbaryl, Esfenvalerate, Permethrin | Azadirachtin, Kaolin, Pyrethrins, Spinosad |
| Cowpea curculio | Carbaryl | Azadirachtin, Kaolin |
| Cucumber Beetles | Bifenthrin, Carbaryl, Esfenvalerate, Malathion, Permethrin, Rotenone | Pyrethrins|
| Cutworm | Bifenthrin, Carbaryl, Esfenvalerate | Azadirachtin, Kaolin, Pyrethrins, Spinosad |
| European Corn Borer | Acephate, Bifenthrin, Carbaryl, Esfenvalerate, Rotenone | Bacillus thuringiensis, Spinosad |
| Leafhopper | Bifenthrin, Carbaryl, Esfenvalerate, Malathion, Permethrin, Petroleum oil, Rotenone | Azadirachtin, Insecticidal soap, Kaolin, Pyrethrins |
| Leafminers | Esfenvalerate, Petroleum oil | Azadirachtin, Insecticidal soap, Spinosad |
| Mexical Bean Beetle | Befenthrin, Carbaryl, Esfenvalerate, Malation, Permethrin, Rotenone | Azadirachtin, Pyrethrins |
| Mites | Malathion, Petroleum oil, Rotenone | Azadirachtin, Kaolin, Pyrethrins |
| Stinkbug | Bifenthrin, Carbaryl, Esfenvalerate, Methomyl, Permethrin, Rotenone | Azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis, Pyrethrins |
| Thrips | Acephate, Acetamiprid, Bifenthrin, Carbaryl, Dimethoate, Disulfoton, Esfenvalerate, Imidacloprid, Lambdacyhalothrin, Malathion, Methomyl, Phorate, Rotenone, Thiamethoxam | Azadirachtin, Garlic juice extract, Insecticidal soap, Kaolin, Potassium salts of fatty acids, Pyrethrins, Spinosad, Sulfur |
| Whiteflies | Bifenthrin, Esfenalerate, Petroleum oil, Rotenone | Azadirachtin, Insecticidal soap, Pyrethrins |
Weeds and Common Name of Herbicidal Controls
| WEED | HERBICIDE* | OMRI LISTED HERBICIDE** |
|---|---|---|
| Preplant incorporated | Clomazone, EPTC, Imazethapyr, Metam-potassium, Metam-sodium, Pendimethalin, S-metolachlor, Trifluralin, Trifluralin | |
| Preemergence (prior to spear emergence) | Clomazone, Imazethapyr, Pendimethalin, S-metolachlor | |
| Postemergence | Bentazon, Carfentrazone, Clethodim, Clomazone, Fomesafen, Glyphosate, Halosulfuron, Imazethapyr, Paraquat, Quizalofop, Sethoxydim | Cinnamon oil, Citric acid, Clove oil |
* The above is a partial listing of controls intended as examples. Some labels may have been revoked since the publication of this guide. Refer to product labels for specifics and use accordingly. Ensure that products with one of the listed active ingredients is registered for the crop it is to be used on. Failure to do the above may result in crop injury, death and/or citation for law violation. Humans, animals and the environment may also be adversely affected by misuse.
** As stated in §205.206 of the National Organic Standards, pest management decisions should follow a hierarchical approach, which should be defined in a farm's organic systems plan. Please ensure that you have followed the appropriate steps and any product to be used in certified organic production systems has been approved by your certifying agent.
Harvest
| Days after planting | 40-60 days |
|---|---|
| Normal method | Hand /machine |
| Containers | Bushel baskets, bulk bins (machine harvest) |
| Grades | Fresh market - Fancy, No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 |
| Processing | Based on sieve size (pod diameter) ranging from 1-6: 1 = 12/16 - 14/64" 6 = > 27/64" |
| Packaging/Handling | Bushel wire-bound crates
|
| Anticipated yield/acre | Fresh market 200-300 bushels; Processing 3-6 tons |
Transit Conditions
40-45°F at 95-100% RHComments/Production Keys
- Cold sensitive plant, experiences frost damage readily; also heat sensitive, temperatures >85oF induces bloom drop; therefore, has a narrow window of production in most areas of Texas.
- Stringiness can be induced in certain cultivars by excessive temperatures during pod development and maturity.
- Storage temperatures <38oF can cause pod pitting and/or russeting upon exposure to warm temperatures.
- Russeting can be aggravated by the presence of free moisture, especially a problem in centers of containers.
- Machine harvest should begin when 50% of pods are in the sieve size 4 category (21/64 - >24/64").
- Delayed harvest causes rapid loss of pod quality due to increasing fiber content and starchiness of seed.
- Sensitive to moisture stress, requires uniform moisture throughout growing season for maximum yield and quality.
- Early morning irrigation helps to alleviate stress caused by moisture fluctuations and helps reduce disease incidence.