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Garlic
Frank J. Dainello,
Extension Horticulturist
Department of
Horticultural Sciences,
Texas A&M University |
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Click photo to enlarge in new window. |
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VARIETIES
| Silver skin (soft-neck) types= |
(most commonly grown types, rarely if ever bolt or produce seed-stalk
and seeds). California Early and California Late, Mexican Pink or
Creole (covered with a deep purple skin, can bolt under optimum
conditions), Texas White. |
| Elephant garlic= |
Leek types and not true garlics. Readily produce very large cloves
and seed stalks. Also known as great head or Oriental garlic. |
| Hardneck garlic (for test only)= |
(known as Rocambole or topset garlic. They initiate seed stalks
which produce bulbils). Roja, German Red, Valencia. |
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SOIL PREFERENCE
Sandy or clay loams with pH range of 6.0 - 8.4 but adaptable to a wide
range of soil types if properly managed. |
OPTIMUM GROWING CONDITIONS
Cool conditions during growing season. Temperatures below 40oF
for 6 - 8 weeks required for vernalization. Once vernalized, bulbing initiates
when day length exceeds 13 hrs and soil temperature exceeds 60oF.
Adaptable to all areas able to produce onions. |
ESTABLISHMENT METHODS
Transplanted (field set cloves)
| Optimum time= |
Soil temperature at 2" depth <85oF. |
| Seeding rate lbs/A= |
750 - 1000 |
| Approx seeds/oz= |
8,500 |
| Seeding depth= |
1" |
| Seedling spacing= |
3-4" in-row, two lines/38 - 40" wide raised bed. |
| ELEPHANT GARLIC= 2 - 4 cloves/bed
ft. |
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FERTILITY/FERTILIZATION
Rates presented as actual lbs/Acre N2, P2 05 and K20 (base actual rates
on soil test results).
| Generalized rate lbs/A |
100 - 80 - 80 |
| N- |
100 - 175; 50 lbs applied at or prior to planting, remainder in
1 - 2 side-dressings as rapid growth begins in spring. |
| P- |
75 - 120 banded approximately 2" below cloves at planting. |
| K- |
75 - 100 applied with initial nitrogen application. |
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WATER/IRRIGATION
15 - 20", critical stage from time of rapid growth initiation in spring
until maturity (yellowing of tops). Generally 1 - 2" needed per week during
this period. |
PEST MANAGEMENT
| Major Diseases |
Control |
| White rot |
Long rotations (5 years), Botran, PCNB, Rovral |
| Botrytis |
Bravo, Botran, Endura, mancozeb |
| Purple blotch |
Bravo, Cabrio, mancozeb, Pristine, Quadris |
| Powdery mildew |
Cabrio, Quadris, sulfur |
| Downy mildew |
Acrobat, Bravo, Cabrio, mancozeb |
| Pink root |
Long rotations (5 years), Telone C-17 |
| Nematode |
K-Pam, Nemacur, Telone II, Telone C-17 |
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| Major Insects |
Control |
| Thrip |
Ammo, Fury/Mustang, malathion, Lannate, permethrin, Warrior |
| Cutworm and armyworms |
Ammo, B.t.'s, Fury/Mustang, Lannate, permethrin, Warrior |
| Mite |
Sulphur |
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| Weeds |
Control |
| Preplant incorporated |
Dacthal, Prefar |
| Preemergence |
Dacthal, pendimethalin, Prefar |
| Postemergence |
Buctril, Fusilade, Poast, Select |
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| * NOTE--The above is
a partial listing of controls intended as examples. Some labels may have
been re Refer to product labels for specifics and use accordingly. Failure
to do so may result in crop injury, death and/or citation for law violation.
Humans, animals and the environment may also be adversely affected by
misuse. |
HARVEST
| Days after planting= |
150 - 200 |
| Normal method= |
Hand/machine (simple potato digger, wind rowed) bagged, field
dried 10 - 14 days. |
| Containers= |
Burlap bags |
| Grades= |
U.S. #1 - uniform, free of defects and true to variety type. |
| Packaging/Handling= |
Crtn holding 12 1-pound packs; 10-lb crtns holding 12 tube or
film packs; 30-lb telescope bulk crtns. |
| Anticipated yield lbs/A= |
5,000 - 15,000 |
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STORAGE/TRANSIT CONDITIONS
32oF at 65 - 70% RH;
| Shelf-life= |
6 - 7 mos; 3 - 4 mos. shelf-life with common storage (cool, dry
and well ventilated conditions). |
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SEED CLOVE STORAGE
50oF at 65 - 70% RH; rapid sprouting enhanced at 40 - 50oF;
prolonged storage at 40oF results in rough bulbs, witches-
brooming and early maturity; storage above 65oF results in
delayed sprouting and late maturity. |
COMMENTS/PRODUCTION KEYS
- Garlic is harvest mature when tops dry and begin to fall.
- Mow or flail tops if machine harvested. Wind row to protect bulbs
from sun scalding if left in field to dry.
- Remove tops and roots prior to packaging or storing.
- Discontinue irrigation after cloves are well filled and desired
bulb size is obtained and 3 - 5 well formed scales surround bulbs.
- Do not follow onions with garlic.
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Texas Cooperative
Extension, Horticulture Crop Guides Series
Revised November, 2003
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/vegetable/cropguides/garlic.html
Prepared for Web delivery by Brooke Bludau, Amanda Zan, and Dan Lineberger |
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