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Cabbage
Frank J. Dainello,
Extension Horticulturist
Department of
Horticultural Sciences,
Texas A&M University |
Click photo to enlarge in new window. |
|
VARIETIES
| Blue/green types- |
Blue Vantage, Bravo, Cheers, Emblem, Pennant, Fortress, Rio Verde,
Market Prize, Solid Blue 760, Solid Blue 790, Vantage Point, Fortuna |
| Red Leaf- |
Red Rookie, Red Jewel, Cardinal, Rio Grande Red, Red Rock |
|
SOIL PREFERENCE
Fertile, well-drained, medium textured soils, pH range of 6.0 - 7.5; relatively
well adapted to heavy soils, but poorly adapted to light sands.
|
OPTIMUM GROWING CONDITIONS
Cool days (60-70oF) with cool to cold nights (40-50oF).
Will tolerate wide temperature fluctuations and warm temperatures; 15
- 20oF is normal freeze threshold. |
ESTABLISHMENT
Direct seeded or transplanted
|
| Optimum time= |
| Spring- |
soil seed zone temperature <50oF |
| Fall- |
soil seed zone temperature >100oF |
| Seeding rate lbs/A= |
0.5 - 1.5 lbs/A at 0.25" depth (raw seed);
6 - 8 lbs/A (coated seed) at 0.5" depth. |
| Approx seed/oz= |
9,000 |
| Seedling spacing= |
| Fresh market- |
1 - 2 rows on 24 to 40" wide raised beds with 6-12" in-row spacing |
| Processing- |
9 - 15" in-row spacing. |
|
FERTILITY/FERTILIZATION
Rates presented as actual lbs/A N2, P2O and K2O (base actual application
rates on soil test results).
|
| Generalized rate lbs/A: |
150 - 75 - 80 |
| N- |
100 - 130 pre-plant broadcast incorporated or split banded 4"
on either of seed row, or injected through irrigation water; 25
- 30 lbs N/A side-dressed at thinning (4 true-leaf stage), or at
transplanting. |
| P- |
60 - 80 banded approx 2" below seed at planting. |
| K- |
80 - 100 (Potassium not normally required in most areas of Texas) |
|
| *Note*- Use high phosphate
starter solution on transplants (5 lbs 5-20-10, etc./100 gal water-8 oz/plt). |
WATER/IRRIGATION
High water demand (20 - 30"). Uniform moisture levels required throughout
growing season for optimum yields. |
PEST MANAGEMENT
| Major Diseases |
Control |
| Black rot |
Treated seed, resistant varieties |
| Black leg |
Rovral, disease free seed |
| Bacterial soft rot |
Resistant varieties |
| Alternaria |
Bravo, Maneb, Quadris |
| Downy mildew |
Aliette, Bravo, maneb, Ridomil Gold Bravo |
| Tipburn |
Factors related by rapid growth and calcium nutrition |
| Hollow stem (heart) |
Factors related by rapid growth and boron nutrition |
| Nematode |
K-Pam, Telone II, Telone C-17 |
|
| Major Insects |
Control |
| Cabbage root maggot |
diazinon, Lorsban |
| Cabbage looper |
looperAsana, Avaunt, B.t.'s, Fury/Mustang, Intrepid, permethrin,
Proclaim, Spintor, Warrior |
| Diamondback moth |
Asana, Avaunt, B.t.'s, Fury/Mustang, Intrepid, permethrin, Proclaim,
Spintor, Warrior |
| Beet armyworm |
Avaunt, B.t.'s, Intrepid, Lannate, Larvin, Proclaim, Spintor |
| Aphid |
Assail, Admire, dimethoate, Di-Syston, Fulfill, Metasystox-R,
Provado |
| Root aphid |
Admire, Di-Syston, Lorsban |
| Harlequin bug |
Asana, Capture, Danitol, endosulfan, Fury/Mustang, Sevin, Warrior |
| Whitefly |
Assail, Admire, Danitol, Provado |
| Mite |
Capture, Danitol |
|
| Weeds |
Control |
| Preplant incorporated |
Dacthal, Devrinol, Prefar, Treflan |
| Preemergence |
Command, Dacthal, Dual Magnum (24c), Prefar, Goal (transplants
only) |
| Postemergence |
Poast, Select, Stinger |
|
| *NOTE*--The above is
a partial listing of controls intended as examples. Some labels may have
been revoked since publication of this guide. Refer to product labels
for specifics and use accordingly. Failure to do so may result in crop
injury, death and/or citation for violation. Humans, animals and the environment
may also be adversely affected by misuse. |
HARVEST
| Days after planting= |
| Direct seeded- |
110 - 130; |
| Transplanted- |
60 - 80 |
| Optimum stage= |
| Fresh market- |
when 50 - 60% of heads are solid, 6 - 8" in diameter, 1 lb + in
weight. |
| Processing- |
when 50 - 60% of heads are solid, > 6-8" in diameter; 4 lbs +
in weight. |
| Normal method= |
Hand harvested. |
| Containers= |
Bulk wagons, some direct field packing into 50 lb meshed bags. |
| Grades/Grading/Handling= |
Based on size and uniformity |
| Small- |
heads under 2 lbs |
| Medium- |
heads 2 - 5 lbs |
| Large- |
heads > 5 lbs |
| Packaging= |
Normally in 50 lb mesh bags or 53 lb ctn. |
| Anticipated yield/A= |
15 - 20 tons |
|
STORAGE/TRANSIT/CONDITIONS
| 32oF at 98- |
100% RH |
| freezing point- |
30.4oF |
| shelf life- |
3 wks - 6 mos |
|
COMMENTS/PRODUCTION KEYS
- Warm temperatures and increasing day length will cause early flowering
of the heads.
- Soils pH >7.8 may induce black hollow stems; Solubor(Bo) at 5-10
lbs/A foliar applied prior to heading reduces severity.
- Crop may have an alleopathic adverse effect on following crop.
- High nitrogen requirements.
- Shallow, horizontal rooting patterns dictates very shallow cultivation
to ovoid root pruning and reduced yields.
- Production on ligh soils requires high level of management.
- Better suited to early fall production in most areas of the state.
- Water management very critical for stand establishment of early
fall direct seeded crop.
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Texas Cooperative
Extension, Horticulture Crop Guides Series
Revised November, 2003
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/vegetable/cropguides/cabbage.html
Prepared for Web delivery by Brooke Bludau, Amanda Zan, and Dan Lineberger |
