Table 2. Propagation Methods For Texas Fruits And Nuts.

Method1
Plant	Budding, grafting	Cutting, layering, suckering	Seedage
Temperate Fruits
Apples	Whip graft, bark graft, chip bud, T-bud, bark graft
Apricots	T-bud, bark graft
Blackberries		Root cutting, softwood cutting, simple layering, suckers
Blueberries		Softwood cutting, suckers
Figs		Hardwood cutting, air layering
Grapes, bunch	Whip graft, T-bud, chip bud, crown cleft, bark graft	Hardwood cutting
Grapes, muscadine		Softwood cutting, simple layering, mound layering
Jujubes	Whip graft	Softwood cutting, root sprouts
Nectarines	T-bud, bark graft		Common for rootstocks4
Peaches	T-bud, bark graft		Common for rootstocks4
Pears	T-bud, whip graft, bark graft
Pecans	Patch bud, whip graft, inlay bark graft3, four-flap graft		Common for rootstocks
Persimmons	Chip bud, whip graft, bark graft2
Plums	Inlay bark, T-bud
Pomegranates		Hardwood and softwood cuttings, suckers
Raspberries		Softwood cutting, simple layerings, suckers
Walnuts	Patch bud, whip graft, bark graft3, four-flap graft
Subtropical Fruits
Avocados	Chip bud, bark graft3, side veneer graft, cleft (tip) graft		Common for rootstocks
Bananas		Suckers
Citrus	T-bud	Hardwood cutting, semi-hardwood cutting, air layering	Common for rootstocks
Mangos	Chip bud, side-veneer graft, cleft (tip) graft		Common for rootstocks
Papayas		Softwood cutting	Common for rootstocks

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¹Preferred or most common method is shown in boldface.
²Primarily used in top-working, established trees.
³Also used in top-working, established trees.
⁴Remove seeds from pit.

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